A flow battery is a type of rechargeable battery where chemical energy is stored in external tanks and converted to electrical energy through ion exchange across a membrane. Unlike conventional batteries where energy storage is confined within the cell, flow batteries separate energy storage and power generation components, allowing for potentially indefinite scaling of storage capacity by adjusting tank size. This design offers flexibility in managing energy demand, making flow batteries suitable for large-scale energy storage applications such as renewable energy integration, grid stabilization, and backup power systems.